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Le 1^er septembre 1923, un séisme se déclenche dans la province du Kantô au Japon, laissant la région dans un chaos sans précédent. Rapidement, une répression s’instaure. Elle est populaire d'abord, et les Coréens en seront les premières victimes, elle devient politique ensuite. Noe Itô et Sakae Ôsugi – un célèbre couple d’anarchistes japonais – et le neveu de ce dernier en seront les victimes retentissantes.

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Au lieu de se livrer à des festivités qui les laisseront « sans pain le lendemain », la communauté anarchiste parisienne invite ses militants à manifester en plein centre de la capitale à la veille de Noël 1922. Sur le qui-vive, la police écourtera avec fracas la mobilisation.

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